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What is a CBDC?

OKX Learn

Published on Dec 06, 2022

Updated on Apr 25, 2024

2 min read

A digital currency created by a central bank that is loosely inspired by Bitcoin and other crypto assets

CBDC stands for central bank digital currency. Loosely inspired by Bitcoin and other crypto assets, a CBDC is a digital representation of a national currency. Numerous central banks around the world are working on CBDCs. As of June 2021, China is ahead in development, with the nation’s offering already in the pre-public launch tria phase.

While the decentralized designs of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies free their users from financial censorship, there are fears that CBDCs will do the exact opposite. Rather than transacting on a public, open and permissionless blockchain, the most likely designs for CBDCs will be private and permissioned networks operated by central banks or national governments.

Such systems will likely give authorities access to more information about a nation’s citizenry and spending habits than ever before. Indeed, it would even be possible to exclude an individual from transacting with others entirely by simply blacklisting their wallet address across the network.

Despite clearly representing a threat to privacy, some crypto industry observers believe CBDCs will hasten the adoption of open, public blockchains. With CBDCs familiarizing citizens with purely digital currencies, it may be easier for the public to understand and value decentralized cryptocurrencies. Similarly, the process of exchanging a government-issued digital currency with an asset like BTC may be much more straightforward than it is with today’s fiat currencies.

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