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欧易区块链60讲 | DeFi篇第2集:DeFi中的借贷领域是怎么回事?

哈喽大家好,我是小K君,今天我们要讲的内容是:“DeFi中的借贷领域是怎么回事”?


上节课我们已经讲了,所谓DeFi就是去中心化金融的统称,它包含了很多领域,比如借贷、支付、保险等,而今天我们给大家讲一讲DeFi中最重要的一个领域——抵押借贷,是怎么回事。

我们都知道,在传统的借贷市场里,我们想要找银行借一笔贷款,需要一定的实体资产作为抵押,然后银行会对资产进行估值,审核,最后才能发放贷款。而在DeFi的世界里,借贷的流程也是一样,只不过把银行的角色给去掉,改为由代码写好的智能合约程序来执行。

下面我们以目前市场上的头部项目MakerDAO为例,具体说一下DeFi的抵押借贷流程:

在讲之前,我们要先了解这样两个概念,一个是DAI,所谓DAI,大家可以理解为是数字货币里面的美元,它能和美元1:1兑换;

另一个概念是MKR,MKR就是MakerDAO这个项目发行的数字货币。它有两个作用,一个就是社区治理时的投票作用;因为平台是去中心化的,每个持有MKR的用户,都可以参与平台的建设,凡是有规则上的更改,就可以进行投票表决。而另一个作用,就是充当利息代币,如果你从MakerDAO这个平台进行借款,你就需要支付一定的MKR作为贷款利息。

知道了这两个概念,我们就可以进入正题。MakerDAO的智能合约里面,有两个池子,一个叫做以太池,一个叫做抵押债仓,即CollateralizedDebt Positions。

如果你想要在DeFi上进行借贷,第一步,就是要拿一定的数字资产作为抵押(比如ETH,WBTC,USDC等发行在以太坊上的数字货币)。你需要把你的ETH等抵押资产打到它的第一个池子以太池里,然后智能合约会对你的数字资产进行估值,返给你一定的PETH,作为抵押后的凭证。

第二步,就是你拿着这个凭证PETH,再打入到它的第二个池子抵押债仓中进行借贷。这个过程中,抵押仓会生成对应比例的债务,同时锁定你之前抵押的数字资产,智能合约审核完,会立刻释放相应的贷款——DAI稳定币,然后你可以在市场中将DAI换成法币,任意消费。

当你用完钱,想要赎回你的数字资产的时候,也就进入了第三步,你需要到市场上买一定数量的MKR作为借贷利息,将它和你借的DAI,再一起打回抵押债仓的池子中,抵押仓中锁定的抵押物就被释放出来了,然后你通过智能合约发送交易,就可以取出你之前所抵押的数字资产ETH。以此就完成整个的借贷流程。

当然,如果整个过程中,你借出了DAI,但又实在没有钱去归还的话,也就不用还了,智能合约会自动将你的以太坊拿到市场上拍卖,进而完成资产清算。

总的来说,DeFi的借贷与传统相比,有它独到的优势,像资产估值、借贷审核、贷款释放等行为,都由代码来执行,更加公正、安全,也节省了更多的时间。目前DeFi借贷也正在飞速的发展,从早期百万美元的量级,到如今几十亿美元的当量,希望未来,能带给我们更大的惊喜~

感谢刘昌用对本集内容的帮助和指导。

新浪微博:@昌用老师

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